OUR METHODOLOGY

Every number has a source.
Every exclusion has a reason.

Unlevered covers 50+ tax strategies across retirement, equity compensation, real estate, credits, and income optimization. Below is the complete list of tax law we use, how we calculate each estimate, and, just as importantly, what we intentionally leave out and why.

Tax law verified: March 24, 2026Covers: 2026 tax year including OBBBA (Public Law 119-21)

Tax law sources

Every strategy in Unlevered maps to a specific Internal Revenue Code section. The table below shows the complete list, grouped by category. All entries were last verified in March 2026.

StrategyIRC ReferenceSourceLast Verified
Retirement
401(k) Gap§401(k)IRC / OBBBA §111Mar 2026
Backdoor Roth IRA§408A(d)(3)IRCMar 2026
HSA Contribution§223IRC / Rev. Proc.Mar 2026
Mega Backdoor Roth§401(k) / §402(c)IRC / IRS NoticeMar 2026
Roth Conversion Ladder§408A(d)(3)IRCMar 2026
Spousal IRA§219(c)IRCMar 2026
NQDC Deferral§409AIRCMar 2026
Cash Balance Plan§401(a)IRC / ERISAMar 2026
HSA Investment Growth§223IRCMar 2026
Solo 401(k)§401(k) / §404IRCMar 2026
Equity and Investment
RSU Withholding Penalty§3402(g) / §6654IRCMar 2026
ISO Exercise Timing§422 / §421IRCMar 2026
ESPP Optimization§423IRCMar 2026
Long-Term Capital Gains§1(h)IRCMar 2026
Tax-Loss Harvesting§1091 / §1211IRCMar 2026
QSBS Exclusion§1202IRC / OBBBA §13101Mar 2026
Net Investment Income Tax§1411ACA / IRCMar 2026
AMT Credit Carryforward§53IRCMar 2026
Real Estate
Cost Segregation§168(e) / §1245IRC / OBBBA §13201Mar 2026
STR Material Participation§469(c)(7)IRC / Reg.Mar 2026
STR Renovation Deduction§179 / §168(k)IRC / OBBBAMar 2026
STR Vehicle Deduction§162 / §274IRCMar 2026
Augusta Rule§280A(g)IRCMar 2026
Passive Activity Losses§469IRCMar 2026
REP Status§469(c)(7)IRC / Reg.Mar 2026
Home Office Deduction§280AIRCMar 2026
SE Health Insurance§162(l)IRCMar 2026
1031 Exchange§1031IRCMar 2026
Section 121 Exclusion§121IRCMar 2026
Installment Sale§453IRCMar 2026
Business and Entity
Entity Optimization (S-Corp, C-Corp)§1361–§1379IRCMar 2026
SALT Deduction§164IRC / OBBBA §12102Mar 2026
Credits
Child Tax Credit§24IRC / OBBBAMar 2026
Energy Efficiency Credits§25CIRA 2022 / IRCMar 2026
STR Energy Credits§48EIRA 2022 / IRCMar 2026
Car Loan Interest DeductionOBBBAOBBBA §12103Mar 2026
EV Credit (Terminated)§30DIRC / OBBBA repealMar 2026
Foreign Tax Credit§901 / §904IRCMar 2026
Charitable and Wealth
Donor-Advised Fund§170(b)(1)(A)IRCMar 2026
Opportunity Zone§1400Z-2IRC / Reg.Mar 2026
529 Plan Contribution§529IRC / state codesMar 2026
Dependent Care FSA§129IRC / OBBBA §12201Mar 2026
Income Tax Optimization
Additional Medicare Tax§3101(b)(2)ACA / IRCMar 2026
Estimated Tax Optimization§6654IRCMar 2026
QBI Deduction§199AIRC / OBBBA §12113Mar 2026
State-Specific
State 529 DeductionState codesState revenue codesMar 2026
PTE SALT ElectionIRS Notice 2020-75IRS / state codesMar 2026
Charitable Bunching§63 / §170IRCMar 2026

What we do not cover, and why

Leaving strategies out is a deliberate decision. Each exclusion below fails at least one of three tests: the strategy does not apply to our target demographic (high earners, $300K+ AGI), requires professional counsel we cannot replicate, or relies on facts we cannot capture from a short intake questionnaire.

Student Loan Interest Deduction

§221

Phase-out complete at $185,000 AGI (MFJ). Zero benefit for the income levels Unlevered targets.

Alimony Deduction

§71

Only applies to divorce agreements executed before January 1, 2019. Narrow, declining applicability.

Qualified Charitable Distribution

§408(d)(8)

Requires the account holder to be age 73 or older. Outside primary user demographic.

Estate and Gift Tax Planning

§2001, §2503

Requires coordination with an estate planning attorney. Too fact-specific for a screening tool.

GRATs (Grantor Retained Annuity Trusts)

§2702

Specialized estate planning vehicle requiring legal counsel and actuarial calculations.

Charitable Remainder Trusts

§664

Sophisticated planned giving vehicle. Requires trustee, legal drafting, and ongoing administration.

Net Unrealized Appreciation (NUA)

§402(e)(4)

Narrow applicability: requires employer stock held inside a qualified plan with a lump-sum distribution.

Kiddie Tax Planning

§1(g)

Limited savings potential for high earners. Savings typically under $500 per year.

Foreign Earned Income Exclusion

§911

Only applies to U.S. citizens or residents living and working abroad.

Hobby Loss Rules

§183

Highly case-specific. IRS applies a nine-factor test that cannot be evaluated from intake data.

Like-Kind Exchange (Personal Property)

§1031

Limited to real property since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018. Personal property exchanges no longer qualify.

Cryptocurrency-Specific Rules

Various

IRS guidance is actively evolving. Reporting requirements and treatment remain in flux through 2026.

State-Specific Credits (granular)

State codes

Too numerous and variable to model accurately. Over 200 state-level credits exist across all jurisdictions.

Calculation methodology

How we turn your seven intake answers into dollar estimates.

Inputs, not assumptions

Every estimate starts with data you provide: income range, filing status, state of residence, equity compensation type, real estate ownership, retirement contribution status, and age range. We never infer a value you did not supply. When a strategy requires data we do not have, we either skip it or flag it with a Verify confidence level so your CPA can confirm.

Upper-bound estimates

Savings figures represent the maximum potential benefit assuming full qualification. Your actual savings will typically be 60 to 85 percent of the estimated amount, depending on your specific circumstances. We display the upper bound so you and your CPA can prioritize which strategies are worth pursuing, then refine the exact number with your complete tax return data.

Marginal rate, not effective rate

All deduction-based savings use your marginal tax rate (federal + state, adjusted for SALT interaction). This is the rate that applies to your next dollar of income or deduction. We do not use effective rates, which would understate the value of each additional strategy. The marginal rate is calculated from the 2026 bracket schedule under IRC §1 as modified by OBBBA.

Confidence levels

HIGH

Deterministic calculation from statutory limits. The input is a number, the limit is a number, and the tax rate is a number. Accurate within 5% for most filers.

MEDIUM

Estimate based on reasonable assumptions, such as a typical employer match or average cost segregation percentages. Directionally accurate. Your CPA will refine the final figure.

VERIFY

Requires CPA confirmation of facts we cannot capture in seven questions, such as the 750-hour material participation threshold or QSBS qualification criteria. The estimate assumes qualification.

Strategy interactions

Some strategies change your AGI, which affects eligibility for other strategies downstream. For example, a large 401(k) contribution reduces AGI, which may pull you below a phase-out threshold for another credit. We model the most common interactions (SALT cap, NIIT threshold, passive activity grouping) but do not perform a full multi-pass AGI simulation. Your CPA handles the final sequencing on your complete return.

State conformity

Not every state conforms to federal tax law. For example, California does not recognize IRC §1202 QSBS exclusions, and several states decouple from bonus depreciation. Where a material state non-conformity exists, we note it in the strategy detail. State savings estimates use your state's top marginal rate for earners above $300K and account for known conformity gaps.

OBBBA impact

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (Public Law 119-21), signed July 4, 2025, is the most significant tax legislation since the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Our engine reflects all material OBBBA provisions: restored 100% bonus depreciation, raised SALT cap ($40,400 MFJ), permanent QBI deduction, enhanced catch-up contributions for ages 60 to 63, updated QSBS tiers, the new car loan interest deduction, EV credit termination, and raised Dependent Care FSA limits. Each affected strategy references the specific OBBBA section in the tax law sources table above.

Update log

March 24, 2026

Expanded coverage to 50+ strategies. Added OBBBA provisions, state conformity notes, and full exclusions list with rationale for each omission.

March 15, 2026

Initial launch with 22 strategies covering retirement, equity compensation, and real estate categories. Expanded to 50+ strategies in V8.

Unlevered provides educational tax strategy screening based on self-reported inputs and publicly available tax law. All savings figures are upper-bound estimates intended to inform your conversation with a licensed tax professional. Your CPA or Enrolled Agent will adjust exact amounts based on your complete tax return and individual circumstances.

Stayguard LLC, operating as Unlevered, is not a Certified Public Accounting firm, Enrolled Agent practice, or law firm. We do not provide tax advice, legal advice, or investment advice. We do not prepare tax returns. We do not represent clients before the IRS.

IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: To ensure compliance with requirements imposed by the IRS, we inform you that any U.S. federal tax advice contained herein is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing, or recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.

For complete legal terms, see our Terms of Service.

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